ESSENCE AND FUNCTIONAL LOAD OF «DRY PORTS» IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Abstract
Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has serious consequences for the country's population and infrastructure. In this regard, it is necessary to quickly rebuild the logistics system, create new routes for the delivery of goods and revise trade directions, as Ukrainian seaports are under blockade and part of the railway network is lost or damaged. The purpose of the article is to define the essence of the "dry port", the characteristics and comparative analysis of the main concepts of the "dry port", the functions of "dry ports" and the main advantages and disadvantages of their operation. The article examines the main elements of several dry port concepts developed by foreign scholars, as well as approaches to the definition of a dry port. It is noted that a fairly wide range of definitions is used, namely, «dry ports», «inland terminals», «inland ports», «inland hubs», «inland logistics centers», etc. The reason for this lies in the various forms, functions, and network positions that these nodes may have. The article pays special attention to the functions of dry ports - logistics, distribution, intermodal (transshipment, warehousing, cargo handling, shipment), and other customer-oriented functions, including consolidation and deconsolidation of cargo, maintenance and repair, tracking, customs clearance, processing and forwarding of information. The advantages and disadvantages of dry ports are identified. It is noted that the creation of a rear cargo terminal - a dry port - is a modern way to increase the throughput and processing capacity of seaports, create infrastructure opportunities for exports in the context of the blockade of Ukrainian seaports, as well as an effective tool for reducing the unevenness of internal cargo flows of the port. The creation of dry ports is considered expedient because of their potential to increase the efficiency and profitability of transportation, restructure the logistics system, form new cargo delivery chains in the context of Russia's large-scale military aggression, change the direction of trade flows, and the possibility of combining road and rail transportation with customs services, warehousing and distribution of goods in today's realities.
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