ANTITRUST AND COMPETITION POLICY AS MEANS OF ENSURING OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the article lay in determination more active directions of antitrust and competition policy for ensuring of economic development. Methods of research. The method of analysis and synthesis and method of analogies were used in the research process: in substantiating essence of the concept of “economic development”; characteristics of competition and antimonopoly and competition policy within the non-classical, institutional and the Neo-Austrian approaches have been implemented; the need for a flexible approach use in substantiating measures of antimonopoly and competition policy and balancing measures of antimonopoly and competition policy have been proved. Findings. At opening of essence of consept “economic development” as the basic of the approach is taken by J. Schumpeter. He pointed out the properties of “absence of determination” and “intermittent nature” among the properties of development. On the modern stage consept “development” identifies with innovation development. The factors of attainment of development are rivalry and antitrust and competition policy. In the article are considered the starting positions of characteristics of rivalry and antitrust and competition policy within neoclassical, institutional and neoaustrian approaches. At treating of rivalry in neoclassical approach [Walras L., 2000; Clark J.B., 1907; Marshall A., 1993] peculiar accent is make on its conditions and results with dedication of two forms of rivalry  singular and descriptive. At institutional approach [Kapeljushnikov R. I.; North D., 2000; Williamson O.; Shastitko A.E.] the problem of competition is considered in interrelation with issues of externalities and specification of properties rights. At neoaustrian conception [Armentano D. T., 2005; Boudreaux D., 1993; DiLorenzo T., 1990] the competition is considered with point of view of the process approach, is characterized as catalytic rivalry and is expressed in striving of economic agents to take a favourable position in the system of social division of labour. At neoclassical approach, the market failures, one of which is the formation of monopolies, is a major reason to accomplishment of antitrust and competition policy. In institutional theory the fulfillment of the policy is argued by means of legal regulation of issues of externalities and specification of property rights. Under the given helpful to use a three-level scheme of O. E. Williamson “individ - institutional agreement - institutional environment”. At neoaustrian approach, the modern antitrust policy is based on erroneous understanding of competition nature and on state actions, leading to distortions of competititon conditions. The representatives of the approach evaluate the policy as needless to correct market flaws. They convinced, that the introduction of mechanizms to protect of rivalry by the state leads to restriction of competition. Originality. Is emphasized the necessity of use of flexible approach at substantiation of measures of antitrust and competition policy. Among the measures are marked “rule of balanced approach” and “the prohibition as such”. The essence “the prohibion as such” in antitrust legislation conclude in sufficient recognition of relevance of the concluded agreements or the activity to those positions, which are imposed the ban in the law. In turn, at introduction “the rule of balanced approach” is admitted the restrictions of rivalry at winning of consumers and is obtained the positive total effect from flexible use of the restrictions. Thus balancing the measures of antitrust and competition policy will concur to increase the level of public welfare and development of the state. The perspective of the further research conclude in adjustment of means of antitrust and competition policy for fulfillment of function of ensuring of development. Practical value. The practical significance of the article lay in possibility of using the propositions in the process of formation of measures of antitrust and competitiveness politics in branches of economics Ukraine.