RISK MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM ENTERPRISES AND THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT SECTOR UNDER CONDITIONS OF WARTIME AND POST-CRISIS TRANSFORMATION
Abstract
The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations and practical approaches to risk management of tourism enterprises and hotel and restaurant businesses under conditions of wartime and post-crisis transformation. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing uncertainty of the external environment, structural changes in tourism demand, and the increasing impact of crisis and military factors on business performance. Risk is substantiated as a complex economic category reflecting the variability of enterprise performance outcomes under the influence of internal and external factors. The study highlights the specific features of risks in the tourism sector, including their multifactorial nature, interdependence, and sensitivity to external shocks. It is determined that modern risks acquire a systemic character, affecting operational, financial, and strategic aspects of enterprise functioning. The paper systematizes the main types of risks and analyses the impact of wartime and crisis factors on the level of business riskiness. Particular attention is paid to operational risks (energy supply disruptions, staff shortages), market risks (demand fluctuations), and financial instability. It is proved that traditional reactive approaches to risk management are ineffective under high uncertainty conditions. A structural and logical model of risk management is proposed, based on the integration of key stages (identification, assessment, response, and monitoring) into enterprise activities. In addition, the study develops directions for forming an integrated risk management system based on a risk-oriented approach, taking into account the specifics of different types of enterprises. It is substantiated that the implementation of integrated and proactive risk management approaches contributes to increasing business resilience, adaptability, and competitiveness in the long term. The proposed methodological provisions can be used to improve risk management systems in tourism and hospitality enterprises.
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