INTEGRATION OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A THEORETICAL MODEL BASED ON THE AMO APPROACH
Abstract
The article develops a theoretical model for integrating Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on the AMO (Ability-Motivation-Opportunity) approach. The relevance of the study is determined by the global crisis in achieving the 2030 Agenda: according to the Sustainable Development Report 2025, none of the 17 SDGs is on track for full achievement, while 18% of indicators show regression compared to the 2015 baseline. A bibliometric analysis of 484 Scopus publications for 2013–2025 revealed an exponential growth of scientific interest in Green HRM: while no more than 20 articles were published annually until 2018, 203 publications (42% of the total) appeared in 2024–2025. The geographical concentration of research in Asia and the Middle East was identified, with Central and Eastern European countries, including Ukraine, remaining underrepresented. Green HRM practices were systematized according to AMO theory components: Ability (green recruitment and selection, green training and development), Motivation (green performance management, green compensation and rewards), and Opportunity (green employee involvement, green empowerment). The synergistic effect of the three components was substantiated: maximum impact on employee environmental behavior is achieved when all three components act simultaneously. The mediating role of employee environmental behavior in the relationship between Green HRM and organizational outcomes was justified. Two types of behavior were distinguished: task-related environmental behavior (compliance with formal environmental requirements) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment (voluntary initiatives beyond job duties). Both types are necessary for achieving SDGs but are formed by different AMO components. A matrix of connections between Green HRM practices and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (climate action) was constructed. The differentiated impact of AMO components on different SDGs was revealed: Ability has universal significance, while Motivation and Opportunity demonstrate variable impact depending on the target SDG. Six propositions (P1–P6) were formulated for empirical verification of the model. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of targeted selection of Green HRM practices depending on the organization's priority SDGs, which is particularly relevant for Ukrainian enterprises implementing ESG standards under resource constraints.
References
Sachs J.D., Lafortune G., Fuller G., Iablonovski G. Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century. Sustainable Development Report 2025. Paris : SDSN, Dublin : Dublin University Press, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25546/111909
United Nations. Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2025. New York : UN DESA, 2025. URL: https://developmentfinance.un.org/fsdr2025 (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
European Commission. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Official Journal of the European Union, L 322. 2022. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022L2464 (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Deloitte. Global Sustainable Behaviors Survey 2025. Deloitte Insights, 2025. URL: https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/search-results.html?qr=Global%20Sustainable%20Behaviors%20Survey%202025 (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
PwC. Global Workforce ESG Preferences Study 2024. PwC Global, 2024. URL: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/workforce/pwcs-global-workforce-sustainability-study.html (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Delmas M.A., Pekovic S. Environmental Standards and Labor Productivity: Understanding the Mechanisms That Sustain Sustainability. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2013. Vol. 34 (2). P. 230–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1827
Wehrmeyer W. Greening People: Human Resources and Environmental Management. Sheffield : Greenleaf Publishing, 1996. 416 p.
Jabbour C.J.C., Santos F.C.A. The central role of human resource management in the search for sustainable organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 2008. Vol. 19 (12). P. 2133–2154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802479389
Appelbaum E., Bailey T., Berg P., Kalleberg A.L. Manufacturing Advantage: Why High-Performance Work Systems Pay Off. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press, 2000. 259 p.
Renwick D.W.S., Redman T., Maguire S. Green Human Resource Management: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews. 2013. Vol. 15 (1). P. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00328.x
Jackson S.E., Renwick D.W.S., Jabbour C.J.C., Muller-Camen M. State-of-the-Art and Future Directions for Green Human Resource Management: Introduction to the Special Issue. German Journal of Human Resource Management. 2011. Vol. 25 (2). P. 99–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/239700221102500203
Dumont J., Shen J., Deng X. Effects of Green HRM Practices on Employee Workplace Green Behavior: The Role of Psychological Green Climate and Employee Green Values. Human Resource Management. 2017. Vol. 56 (4). P. 613–627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21792
Kim Y.J., Kim W.G., Choi H.M., Phetvaroon K. The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees' eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2019. Vol. 76. P. 83–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
Tang G., Chen Y., Jiang Y., Paillé P., Jia J. Green human resource management practices: scale development and validity. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. 2018. Vol. 56 (1). P. 31–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12147
Aboramadan M., Karatepe O.M. Green human resource management, perceived green organizational support and their effects on hotel employees' behavioral outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2021. Vol. 33 (10). P. 3199–3222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2020-1440
Longoni A., Luzzini D., Guerci M. Deploying environmental management across functions: the relationship between green human resource management and green supply chain management. Journal of Business Ethics. 2018. Vol. 151. P. 1081–1095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3228-1
Pinzone M., Guerci M., Lettieri E., Redman T. Progressing in the change journey towards sustainability in healthcare: the role of 'Green' HRM. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016. Vol. 122. P. 201–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.031
Zibarras L.D., Coan P. HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior: a UK survey. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 2015. Vol. 26 (16). P. 2121–2142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.972429
Pham N.T., Thanh T.V., Tučková Z., Thuy V.T.N. The role of green human resource management in driving hotel's environmental performance: Interaction and mediation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2020. Vol. 88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102392
Saeed B.B., Afsar B., Hafeez S., Khan I., Tahir M., Afridi M.A. Promoting employee's proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. 2019. Vol. 26 (2). P. 424–438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1694
Paillé P., Chen Y., Boiral O., Jin J. The Impact of Human Resource Management on Environmental Performance: An Employee-Level Study. Journal of Business Ethics. 2014. Vol. 121 (3). P. 451–466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1732-0
Amrutha V.N., Geetha S.N. A systematic review on green human resource management: Implications for social sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020. Vol. 247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119131
Ren S., Tang G., Jackson S.E. Green human resource management research in emergence: A review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. 2018. Vol. 35 (3). P. 769–803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-017-9532-1
Yusoff Y.M., Nejati M., Kee D.M.H., Amran A. Linking Green Human Resource Management Practices to Environmental Performance in Hotel Industry. Global Business Review. 2020. Vol. 21 (3). P. 663–680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918779294
Zaid A.A., Jaaron A.A.M., Talib Bon A. The impact of green human resource management and green supply chain management practices on sustainable performance: An empirical study. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018. Vol. 204. P. 965–979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.062
Державна служба статистики України. Цілі сталого розвитку Україна 2024. URL: https://sdg.ukrstat.gov.ua/uk/ (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Про Цілі сталого розвитку України на період до 2030 року : Указ Президента України № 722/2019 від 30.09.2019. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/722/2019#Text (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Sardak S., Bilska O., Simakhova A. Potential of economy socialization in the context of globalization. Economic Annals-XXI. 2017. Vol. 164 (3-4). P. 4–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V164-01
Цимбалюк С.О., Ковтун О.А. «Зелене» управління людськими ресурсами: вплив екологічних практик на діяльність організації. Бізнес Інформ. 2022. № 11. С. 250–256. URL: https://ir.kneu.edu.ua/handle/2010/40010 (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Соціальна відповідальність : навч. посіб. / А.М. Колот, О.А. Грішнова, О.О. Герасименко та ін. ; за заг. ред. А.М. Колота. Київ : КНЕУ, 2015. 519 с. URL: https://files.znu.edu.ua/files/Bibliobooks/Inshi83/0062458.pdf (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Колот А.М., Герасименко О.О. Сфера праці в умовах глобальної соціоекономічної реальності 2020: виклики для України. Київ : Представництво Фонду ім. Фрідріха Еберта в Україні, 2020. 32 с. URL: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ukraine/16344.pdf (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Петровська О.М., Нечаєв А.Ю. «Зелені» робочі місця: перспективи та вплив на сталий розвиток економіки. Проблеми сучасних трансформацій. Серія: економіка та управління. 2024. № 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54929/2786-5738-2024-14-07-01
Boiral O., Paillé P. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour for the Environment: Measurement and Validation. Journal of Business Ethics. 2012. Vol. 109 (4). P. 431–445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1138-9
United Nations Global Compact. Corporate Sustainability in the World Economy. New York : UN Global Compact Office, 2024. URL: https://unglobalcompact.org/sdgs (дата звернення: 20.01.2026).
Sachs, J. D., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., & Iablonovski, G. (2025). Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century. Sustainable Development Report 2025. Paris: SDSN, Dublin: Dublin University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25546/111909
United Nations (2025). Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2025. New York: UN DESA. Available at: https://developmentfinance.un.org/fsdr2025
European Commission (2022). Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Official Journal of the European Union, L 322. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022L2464
Deloitte (2025). Global Sustainable Behaviors Survey 2025. Deloitte Insights. Available at: https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/search-results.html?qr=Global%20Sustainable%20Behaviors%20Survey%202025
PwC (2024). Global Workforce ESG Preferences Study 2024. PwC Global. Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/workforce/pwcs-global-workforce-sustainability-study.html
Delmas, M. A., & Pekovic, S. (2013). Environmental Standards and Labor Productivity: Understanding the Mechanisms That Sustain Sustainability. Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 230–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1827
Wehrmeyer, W. (1996). Greening People: Human Resources and Environmental Management. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.
Jabbour, C. J. C., & Santos, F. C. A. (2008). The central role of human resource management in the search for sustainable organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2133–2154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802479389
Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, P., & Kalleberg, A.L. (2000). Manufacturing Advantage: Why High-Performance Work Systems Pay Off. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Renwick, D. W. S., Redman, T., & Maguire, S. (2013). Green Human Resource Management: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00328.x
Jackson, S. E., Renwick, D. W. S., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Muller-Camen, M. (2011). State-of-the-Art and Future Directions for Green Human Resource Management: Introduction to the Special Issue. German Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 99–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/239700221102500203
Dumont, J., Shen, J., & Deng, X. (2017). Effects of Green HRM Practices on Employee Workplace Green Behavior: The Role of Psychological Green Climate and Employee Green Values. Human Resource Management, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 613–627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21792
Kim, Y.J., Kim, W.G., Choi, H.M., & Phetvaroon, K. (2019). The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees' eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 76, pp. 83–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
Tang, G., Chen, Y., Jiang, Y., Paillé, P., & Jia, J. (2018). Green human resource management practices: scale development and validity. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 31–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12147
Aboramadan, M., & Karatepe, O.M. (2021). Green human resource management, perceived green organizational support and their effects on hotel employees' behavioral outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 3199–3222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2020-1440
Longoni, A., Luzzini, D., & Guerci, M. (2018). Deploying environmental management across functions: the relationship between green human resource management and green supply chain management. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 151, pp. 1081–1095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3228-1
Pinzone, M., Guerci, M., Lettieri, E., & Redman, T. (2016). Progressing in the change journey towards sustainability in healthcare: the role of 'Green' HRM. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 122, pp. 201–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.031
Zibarras, L. D., & Coan, P. (2015). HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior: a UK survey. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 26, no. 16, pp. 2121–2142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.972429
Pham, N. T., Thanh, T. V., Tučková, Z., & Thuy, V. T. N. (2020). The role of green human resource management in driving hotel's environmental performance: Interaction and mediation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102392
Saeed, B. B., Afsar, B., Hafeez, S., Khan, I., Tahir, M., & Afridi, M. A. (2019). Promoting employee's proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 424–438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1694
Paillé, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O., & Jin, J. (2014). The Impact of Human Resource Management on Environmental Performance: An Employee-Level Study. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 451–466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1732-0
Amrutha, V. N., & Geetha, S. N. (2020). A systematic review on green human resource management: Implications for social sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119131
Ren, S., Tang, G., & Jackson, S.E. (2018). Green human resource management research in emergence: A review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 769–803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-017-9532-1
Yusoff, Y. M., Nejati, M., Kee, D. M. H., & Amran, A. (2020). Linking Green Human Resource Management Practices to Environmental Performance in Hotel Industry. Global Business Review, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 663–680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918779294
Zaid, A. A., Jaaron, A. A. M., & Talib Bon, A. (2018). The impact of green human resource management and green supply chain management practices on sustainable performance: An empirical study. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 204, pp. 965–979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.062
State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Tsili staloho rozvytku Ukraina 2024 [Sustainable Development Goals Ukraine 2024]. Available at: https://sdg.ukrstat.gov.ua/uk/ (in Ukrainian)
President of Ukraine (2019). Pro Tsili staloho rozvytku Ukrainy na period do 2030 roku: Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy № 722/2019 vid 30.09.2019 [On the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the period up to 2030: Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 722/2019 of September 30, 2019]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/722/2019#Text (in Ukrainian)
Sardak, S., Bilska, O., & Simakhova, A. (2017). Potential of economy socialization in the context of globalization. Economic Annals-XXI, vol. 164, no. 3-4, pp. 4–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V164-01
Tsymbaliuk, S. O., & Kovtun, O. A. (2022). "Zelene" upravlinnia liudskymy resursamy: vplyv ekolohichnykh praktyk na diialnist orhanizatsii ["Green" human resource management: the impact of environmental practices on organizational performance]. Biznes Inform – Business Inform, no. 11, pp. 250–256. Available at: https://ir.kneu.edu.ua/handle/2010/40010 (in Ukrainian)
Kolot, A. M., Hrishnova, O. A., Herasymenko, O.O. et al. (2015). Sotsialna vidpovidalnist: navch. posib. [Social responsibility: textbook]. A.M. Kolot (Ed.). Kyiv: KNEU. Available at: https://files.znu.edu.ua/files/Bibliobooks/Inshi83/0062458.pdf (in Ukrainian)
Kolot, A. M., & Herasymenko, O. O. (2020). Sfera pratsi v umovakh hlobalnoi sotsioekonomichnoi realnosti 2020: vyklyky dlia Ukrainy [The sphere of labor in the context of global socio-economic reality 2020: challenges for Ukraine]. Kyiv: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Available at: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ukraine/16344.pdf (in Ukrainian)
Petrovska, O. M., & Nechaiev, A. Yu. (2024). "Zeleni" robochi mistsia: perspektyvy ta vplyv na stalyi rozvytok ekonomiky ["Green" jobs: prospects and impact on sustainable economic development]. Problemy suchasnykh transformatsii. Seriia: ekonomika ta upravlinnia – Problems of Modern Transformations. Series: Economics and Management, no. 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54929/2786-5738-2024-14-07-01 (in Ukrainian)
Boiral, O., & Paillé, P. (2012). Organizational Citizenship Behaviour for the Environment: Measurement and Validation. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 431–445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1138-9
United Nations Global Compact (2024). Corporate Sustainability in the World Economy. New York: UN Global Compact Office. Available at: https://unglobalcompact.org/sdgs
