COUNTERING AND CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL DOMESTIC CAPITAL MIGRATION

Abstract

The article reveals the problem of illegal migration of domestic capital during the war and identifies ways to counteract illegal border crossing, human trafficking, and the trafficking of resources. Legislative and regulatory acts, conventions, pacts, and protocols are listed, as well as international organizations aimed at regulating illegal migration issues. The relevance of the topic is provoked by the war, which contributed to a wave of illegal migration of men due to mobilization; however, the typical portrait of a Ukrainian migrant is still a woman with a higher education and children, who is ready to work even in a field outside her specialization and learn other languages. Significant problems associated with illegal migration include human trafficking, forced labor, sexual exploitation, illegal political migration, the emergence of epidemiological issues, racial discrimination, and others. All these factors contribute to the growth of the shadow economy, lead to tax revenue shortfalls in the state budget, reduce the legal labor market, and result in the illegal outflow of financial flows and natural resources. It is noted that youth are one of the most vulnerable groups in the labor market to illegal migration due to a combination of economic, social, and psychological factors. These include a lack of stable experience and qualifications, high unemployment rates, underestimation of existing risks, insufficient awareness of legal employment opportunities, and a lack of social and family obligations. A set of measures to counteract illegal migration has been highlighted, specifically: improving migration legislation, creating unified information systems for accounting and analysis, ensuring legal employment, providing information about possible risks when traveling abroad, warning about the consequences and responsibility for facilitating illegal migration, fighting corruption in state regulatory bodies, and developing international cooperation and agreements. The prospect of considering the issue of illegal migration will become particularly relevant for Ukraine after the war ends and during the reconstruction phase.