INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF FARMING ENTERPRISES
Abstract
Given the relevance of investment providing for farming activities, this article examines the scientific approaches and conceptual views of domestic and foreign scholars on this issue. The key factors contributing to the overall decline in the number of farms in conditions of instability were analyzed, and they were classified according to the gender of the manager (head of the farm). It has been established that most farms are headed by men – almost 80% – and only 20% by women. The structure of capital investments in agriculture is considered in terms of small and micro-enterprises. It has been found that in conditions of instability of investment activity in agriculture and limited access to financial resources, there is a gradual decline in the participation of small agrarian businesses in investment processes. It has been determined that both before the war in 2018-2021 and during the war years, farms' own funds are the main source of their capital investments. On average, in 2022-2024, they accounted for ≈94%, while bank loans and borrowings accounted for almost 6%. The volume of products (goods, services) sold by farms over a 5-year period from 2020 to 2024 was considered. It is substantiated that most Ukrainian farms have medium or small areas (up to 500 hectares), which are mainly used for grain and oil crops. The main reason for the popularity of growing these crops is their high profitability and stable demand, which is why the state and investors support their production. An analysis of the dynamics of the indicators of non-current and current capital of farms, as well as their profitability rates, was carried out. It was found that despite the extremely difficult conditions of wartime, farmers have restructured their activities and adapted to the new realities of today. In addition, budgetary support for farming and credit programs aimed at supporting small and medium-sized producers were studied. It was substantiated that educational and advisory support for farmers and their families is important in wartime, namely training in the basics of business planning, investment analysis, and the development of advisory services and consultation centers.
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