EVOLUTION AND TECHNOLOGIES OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Abstract
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of supply chain management (SCM) amid the ongoing digital transformation and increasing global economic volatility. It aims to systematize existing theoretical frameworks, delineate key developmental stages of SCM, and substantiate the strategic role of digital technologies in enhancing the efficiency, resilience, and competitiveness of contemporary enterprises. The study identifies four distinct evolutionary phases - process-oriented, integrated, globalized, and resilience-focused management - each reflecting shifting priorities in management practices, technological advancements, and the changing global business environment. Digital transformation has fundamentally shifted SCM from a traditional logistics optimization approach to a multifaceted strategic function encompassing procurement, production, distribution, and information flow integration. The paper emphasizes the transformative impact of Industry 4.0 technologies, including artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, Big Data analytics, and additive manufacturing, in establishing agile, transparent, and sustainable supply chains. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Warehouse Management Systems (WMS), and advanced analytical tools contribute to improved forecasting and operational coordination, while IoT technologies enable real-time monitoring and proactive decision-making. Blockchain technology enhances transparency and trustworthiness, although its adoption faces regulatory, financial, and technological challenges. The findings indicate that digitalization opens new opportunities for resource optimization, risk mitigation, and sustainable development in supply chain management. Nevertheless, successful transformation requires substantial investments in technological infrastructure and workforce skills. The integration of automation, advanced analytics, and artificial intelligence underpins the development of “smart” supply chains capable of self-adaptation, predictive management, and maintaining long-term stability within the evolving digital economy.
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