VALUATION OF GOODS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ACCOUNTING PROCESS OF A TRADING ENTERPRISE: MANAGEMENT AND TAX ACPECTS

Abstract

The article studies the issues of accounting valuation of goods, taking into account the managerial and tax aspects of this element of the organization of the accounting process of trading enterprises. The main methodological procedural elements of goods valuation are identified, which are the determination of the original cost of goods at which they are credited to the balance sheet, the valuation of goods disposal, and the valuation of goods at the balance sheet date. The problems of accounting and distribution of transport and procurement costs have been analyzed; it has been established that the use of the method of direct distribution of such costs in comparison with the distribution by average percentage allows to significantly improve the quality of accounting information on the movement of goods, especially in the area of determining the profitability of sales of their individual types. Through modeling, it has been proven that the results of assessing the disposal of goods using the method of accounting at sales prices do not depend in any way on the pricing policy (the level of trade markup), and as with other methods of assessing the disposal of goods, they depend only on the purchase prices, as well as on the size and chronology of the batches of receipt and disposal (sale). The results of the assessment of the disposal of goods have been ranked in terms of the formation of accounting and reporting data on financial results and the value of goods balances in conditions of inflation using alternative valuation methods. It has been established that with a steady increase in price levels, choosing the FIFO method allows for a more optimistic presentation of the financial condition and results of the enterprise's activities in financial statements, which increases the creditworthiness and investment attractiveness of the enterprise, as well as the results of its management. In fiscal terms, the most attractive option is the weighted average cost method with monthly price calculations, which allows for a completely legal reduction in the tax burden in terms of income tax, which contributes to an increase in the real, rather than estimated, capitalization of the enterprise. The application of the weighted average cost method with the calculation of prices for each disposal and the method based on sales prices should be recognized as compromise options in terms of management and taxation objectives, but consensus is achieved by reducing the size of the effect.