GREEN INDICATORS AND METRICS SYSTEMS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Abstract
The article examines the formation and application of systems of green indicators and climate metrics used by international organizations to monitor progress in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The growing importance of environmental measurements in economic policymaking, as well as the need to integrate climate criteria into development and recovery strategies, determines the relevance of the research. The purpose of the study is to generalize the approaches used by international organizations to structure climate indicators and to identify opportunities for adapting these practices to national policymaking frameworks. The methodological framework of the research is based on comparative analysis, classification, systematization, and an institutional approach to the study of climate governance mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to analytical tools and statistical databases developed by leading international institutions, primarily the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These organizations play an important role in developing standardized indicator systems that ensure the comparability of climate-related data and support evidence-based policy decisions. The study demonstrates that the OECD applies a multidimensional system of indicators that integrates environmental, economic, financial, and socio-political dimensions of sustainable development. Such an approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of emission dynamics, energy transition processes, carbon pricing mechanisms, fossil fuel subsidies, and international climate finance flows. At the same time, the IMF focuses on incorporating climate-related parameters into macroeconomic and macro-financial analysis. Its Climate Change Indicators Dashboard aggregates statistical data on greenhouse gas emissions, energy transition, environmental trade, green finance, fiscal policies, and both physical and transition climate risks. The results of the research indicate that the development of integrated indicator systems is becoming a key instrument of modern climate governance, improving transparency, accountability, and the quality of strategic decision-making. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying these approaches to harmonize national climate indicator systems, strengthen analytical support for public policy, and integrate environmental criteria into decarbonization strategies and green post-war recovery programs. For Ukraine, the adoption of international practices in climate metrics development may contribute to the modernization of governance mechanisms, alignment with global sustainability standards, and more effective planning of green economic transformation.
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