RISK CLASSIFICATION OF CORPORATE STRATEGY IN SHIPPING COMPANIES ACROSS THE STRATEGIC CYCLE STAGES
Abstract
The article addresses the development of a methodological framework for assessing corporate strategy risks in shipping companies through their process-based classification aligned with the stages of the strategic cycle. The study highlights the limitations of traditional content-based grouping of risks, which reflects structural characteristics but fails to capture the dynamic and uneven nature of risk manifestation throughout the strategic decision-making process. To overcome this gap, the article proposes a comprehensive classification of risks at the stages of strategic analysis, strategy formulation, implementation, and strategic control. Each risk type is evaluated in terms of predictability, controllability, hedging potential, and economic impact, which enables a more accurate understanding of how risk factors influence strategic outcomes in volatile maritime markets. The research demonstrates that risks at the strategic analysis stage are primarily driven by freight rate volatility, fluctuations in vessel prices, regulatory uncertainty, and information asymmetry, all of which affect the reliability of forecasts and prioritization of strategic goals. During strategy formulation, the dominant risks shift toward investment decisions, configuration of fleet development, financial constraints, technological choices, and regulatory compliance. The implementation stage is characterized by operational, navigational, commercial, technical, and human-related risks that directly influence voyage performance and contractual obligations. At the final stage, the focus moves to information accuracy, KPI monitoring, financial deviations, and the company’s ability to correct strategic plans in response to changing conditions. The proposed classification establishes a methodologically coherent system that links risk profiles with specific phases of the strategic cycle, enhancing the validity of strategic choices and supporting long-term resilience of shipping companies. The findings form a conceptual basis for improving strategic management tools and adapting corporate strategies to the high uncertainty and volatility of the global maritime transport environment.
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