TRANSFORMATION OF MANAGEMENT PARADIGMS: FROM CLASSICAL THEORY TO MODERN SCIENTIFIC VIEWS

Abstract

The article provides a systematic analysis of the transformation of management thinking in the context of the evolution of management paradigms — from classical theories to modern concepts shaped by digitalization, globalization, and interdisciplinary development. The study covers the historical stages of the formation of management science, a critical rethinking of classical management schools, and an examination of the latest approaches, including Management 4.0, systemic, behavioral, and hybrid management. A comparative analysis has shown that modern paradigms do not deny classical foundations, but integrate them with new values: human-centeredness, flexibility, innovation, and sustainability. Particular attention is paid to the role of the manager in conditions of change, the introduction of digital technologies, and changes in the structure of organizational management. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of management thought—from classical theories to modern scientific paradigms that reflect global changes in the socio-economic, technological, and organizational environments. It is argued that classical management theories formed the basis for the further development of management science, ensuring structure, functionality, and consistency. However, their limitations in the context of rapid change, globalization, digitalization, and the emphasis on people as a key resource have made it necessary to review traditional approaches. It has been proven that modern management paradigms are based on the principles of flexibility, adaptability, interdisciplinarity, technological integration, and human-centeredness. Models such as Management 4.0, situational, systemic, and behavioral management demonstrate a significantly higher level of compliance with the challenges of the 21st century. They not only expand the manager's toolkit but also require new competencies: strategic thinking, emotional intelligence, and digital literacy. A comparative analysis of paradigms has shown that the most effective management model is not one that relies solely on past or present theories, but one that integrates the strengths of each era to form an adaptive, open, and sustainable management system. Such a synthesis not only maintains effectiveness but also ensures strategic stability in conditions of uncertainty. It has been established that management effectiveness in the 21st century depends not only on methods, but also on the ability to systematically combine tradition and innovation. The results of the study can be used as a theoretical basis for the development of modern management strategies, as well as in the process of training management specialists. The result of the work is to justify the need to form an adaptive, intellectually oriented management paradigm in an era of complexity and digital turbulence.