MANAGEMENT OF BANK LOANS OF AN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE: ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL-ANALYTICAL ASPECT
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of theoretical, methodological, and applied aspects of managing bank loans in agricultural enterprises, taking into account accounting and financial-analytical approaches. The essence of bank credit as a financial instrument ensuring the activities of agricultural sector entities is revealed, and its role in forming working capital and maintaining the production cycle of agricultural enterprises is defined. It is emphasized that under wartime economic conditions and during post-war recovery, the problem of effective loan management becomes of strategic importance, as lending ensures production continuity and supports the implementation of investment programs. The paper examines the legal framework for bank lending, in particular the provisions of the Laws of Ukraine “On Banks and Banking Activity,” “On Pledge,” and “On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine.” Special attention is paid to the requirements of national accounting standards (NP(S)BO) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) regarding the presentation of loan transactions in financial statements. The features of accounting for short-term and long-term loans, interest accrual on borrowed funds, and recording of collateralized obligations by property, machinery, or future harvests are specified. The role of accounting policy in ensuring reliable information on credit resources, the structure of debt obligations, and financial risks is substantiated. The study focuses on the financial and analytical aspects of credit management: it identifies indicators for assessing the efficiency of borrowed capital utilization, ways to optimize credit burden, and directions for strengthening financial stability. The importance of analytical tools for controlling the timeliness of debt repayment, planning cash flows, and maintaining a balance between own and borrowed funds is highlighted. It is substantiated that integrating bank financing with state guarantee mechanisms and interest rate compensation programs is a key condition for improving access to credit resources for small and medium-sized agricultural producers, which aligns with OECD recommendations on sustainable agricultural finance. The article summarizes proposals for improving the management of bank loans in agricultural enterprises, including the development of a strategic loan planning system, enhancement of internal control and accounting procedures, implementation of digital tools for monitoring credit risks, and ensuring financial transparency. The results obtained have practical significance for improving financial management in agricultural enterprises and for forming an effective policy of managing borrowed capital.
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