PAYMENT SYSTEMS: ESSENCE, EVOLUTION AND OPERATIONAL RISKS

Keywords: bank, monetary settlements, payment systems, risk, risk management, risk classification

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the essential characteristics, functions, evolution and role of payment systems in the sphere of modern economic relations, as well as risk management in the process of practical implementation of transfers and payments of funds. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was formed at the expense of the domestic regulatory framework, scientific works of domestic scientists, information messages. The results of the study were obtained during the use of the dialectical method of cognition of phenomena of a legal and economic nature and related to approaches to the application of payment systems. The main functions of payment systems are summarized (settlement of mutual financial obligations, ensuring guaranteed and uninterrupted money circulation, maintaining liquidity and solvency) and 5 of their main components are identified (payment instruments for making money transfers; payment infrastructure; financial institutions; system of agreements, mandatory regulations and contracts; laws, rules, standards, procedures). The author proposes a division of the stages of development of payment systems, distinguishing 3 main periods - pre-technological, technological, electronic. The classification of risks in the field of application of payment systems is analyzed in the context of world experience (Bank for International Settlements) and domestic practice (National Bank of Ukraine). The main methods of risk management are presented, distinguishing 4 methods - avoidance, localization, dissipation and compensation. The conclusion is made about the need to isolate another type of risk - cyber risks - into a separate independent group, given that information technologies are not only the basis for the functioning of payment systems, but also constantly generate threats and risks in this area. In scientific terms, the classification of risks in money transfer and payment systems has received further development. In the context of a practical approach, the results obtained can be used in the process of developing proposals for improving counteraction to risks in the field of payment systems in Ukraine.

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Published
2025-07-25
How to Cite
Fradynskyi, O. (2025). PAYMENT SYSTEMS: ESSENCE, EVOLUTION AND OPERATIONAL RISKS. Sustainable Development of Economy, (4 (55), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.32782/2308-1988/2025-55-6