GOVERNMENT BODIES AND AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING INNOVATION IN THE USA

Abstract

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the functions and impact of government agencies responsible for regulating innovation in the United States. The study examines in detail the activities of key federal institutions that shape the country's innovation landscape. Among them, special attention is paid to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), and the United States Department of Commerce. Much of the analysis focuses on public funding mechanisms that stimulate innovation, as well as on regulatory aspects that accompany the development of new technologies. In addition, the study examines in detail the United States' intellectual property policies and strategies for commercializing research results, which are critical to turning scientific discoveries into marketable products. The study also highlights the main challenges faced by the American innovation regulatory system. This includes the extent of government intervention in market mechanisms, the impact of growing international competition on national innovation capacity, and the importance of developing and supporting public-private partnerships as a tool for accelerating innovation. The dynamics of interaction between government regulatory bodies, academic research institutions and private business representatives are also discussed. This interaction is fundamental to creating a favorable environment conducive to the generation and implementation of innovations. The article also highlights key legislative initiatives that significantly affect the formation and development of the US innovation economy. Among them, the author analyzes such important acts as the Bayh-Dole Act, which regulates the rights to intellectual property created with government funding, the Innovation and Competition Act, which aims to strengthen the country's technological leadership, and various federal programs aimed at supporting technology startups and young innovative companies. Based on the analysis of regulatory agencies' activities and current trends, the article formulates forecasts for future directions of the US innovation policy development.