STRUCTURAL DYSFUNCTIONS OF SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE MACHINE-BUILDING COMPLEX OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The scientific article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the nature, causes, and economic consequences of structural dysfunctions in the supply chains of Ukrainian engineering enterprises. In the context of global instability and the specific challenges of the martial law period, the author identifies the phenomenon of structural dysfunction as a systemic failure of logistics links, which leads to the inability of the industrial complex to function effectively within traditional management paradigms. The study emphasizes that the machine-building industry, characterized by high capital intensity and multi-level cooperation, has become the most vulnerable to the destruction of transport hubs and the loss of traditional raw material bases. The article provides a detailed analysis of the transformation of logistical disruptions into profound economic losses. It is proven that the physical rupture of supply chains initiates a «bullwhip effect», where minor delays in the delivery of critical components lead to a disproportionate freezing of working capital and an increase in the cost of finished products. The author justifies that the shift from the «Just-in-Time» model to «Just-in-Case» strategies is not just a tactical step but a necessary structural transformation to ensure the survival of the industry. Special attention is paid to the role of infrastructure factors, such as the blockage of maritime trade routes and the limited capacity of land borders, which have become a «bottleneck» for the export-import operations of heavy industry. The practical value of the research lies in the development of a matrix for strategic adaptation, which includes the digitalization of logistics processes through «Supply Chain Digital Twins» and the implementation of blockchain technologies to ensure the transparency of transactions. The author argues for the necessity of active state intervention, proposing mechanisms for insuring military risks and stimulating the localization of component production to reduce import dependence. The study concludes that overcoming structural dysfunctions requires a synergistic approach that combines technological re-engineering, territorial decentralization of production facilities, and the creation of regional insurance hubs. The results of the work can be used by the management of industrial enterprises and state authorities to develop programs for the post-war recovery and modernization of the engineering sector of Ukraine as a high-tech component of the European industrial ecosystem.