THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEFINITION OF «ENTERPRISE CAPITAL»

Abstract

The object of this research is the definition of “enterprise capital.” The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects related to the definition of the term “enterprise capital.” The purpose of this article is to explore theoretical approaches to defining the concept of enterprise capital, to identify its structural elements and key characteristics, and to justify the feasibility of expanding the interpretation of this category in the context of the transformations occurring in the modern economic environment. The methods used in writing this article include observation, systems analysis, comparison, concretization, and logical generalization. The article explores the theoretical foundations for defining the economic category of “enterprise capital” as a key element in the functioning and development of a business entity. The relevance of rethinking traditional approaches to the interpretation of capital is substantiated, particularly in the context of a transforming economy marked by globalization, digitalization, the growing importance of intangible assets, and the transition to a knowledge-based economy. It is established that the dominant academic approaches, which focus primarily on the material and financial nature of capital, do not fully reflect its contemporary role as a multifaceted economic category. In this context, an expanded understanding of enterprise capital is proposed – as a combination of material, intangible, financial, human, intellectual, and informational resources that are formed, accumulated, and utilized to ensure stable operations, innovative development, and long-term efficiency of the enterprise. The article also reviews the historical evolution of capital concepts, summarizes the views of leading domestic and international scholars, and highlights the advantages of the modern integrated concept of capital. As a result of the research, the author formulates a definition of “enterprise capital” that reflects the current challenges of the business environment and the need for systematic resource management. It is also argued that the formation of an effective capital structure should be based on strategic planning, an assessment of available capabilities, and the attraction of resources capable of ensuring the enterprise’s long-term resilience. The article outlines the key principles and stages of the capital formation process as an integral part of the enterprise’s overall financial strategy.